Vedas speak of one God Who has different names

When we want to know somebody it is natural that we look for his name. It holds good for God also. Katha Upanishad says “ He, Whom all the Vedas declare worthy of homage, Whom all devotion and righteous actions lead to, and for Whose realization life of chastity is led, is called AOM.

Sage Patanjali in his Prastut sutra has referred to God by the name ‘Pranav’ which is nothing but synonym of AOM. Our sages of yore also referred to God either by AOM or by Pranav. But, in Vedas and Upanishads God has been referred mostly by the name AOM.

AOM is the highest name of God; it is composed of three letters A, O and M. This one name comprises many other names of God. A stands for virat, Agni and Vishwa etc. O stands for Hiranyagrabha, vayu and yaijas etc. M stands for Ishwara, Aditya and Prajan etc. Rig Veda says, “He is one, but the wise call Him by different names; such as Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Agni, Diviya and many others which manifest his qualities and attributes.”

For example, He is called Shiva being Blissful and benefactor of all. Being Creator of the Universe He is called Brahma. Being All pervading he is called Vishnu. Being Protector of all and All-powerful many call Him Inder. All glorious, some call Him Agni. He illuminates this multiform universe so many call him Virat. Many call him vishwa because all the world and worldly objects dwell in Him. He is called Taijas because He is resplendent and gives light to the Sun and other luminous bodies. Being embodiment of all true knowledge others call Him Manu. Since He is the source of life, many call Him Prana. He punishes the wicked many call Him Rudra. Many know Him as Akshara because he is immortal and omnipresent. We call Him Swarat since He is Self-effulgent: Kalagni-because he is the cause of the dissolution of the world and regulator of time; Chandrama-the true source of happiness
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Similarly He is called Varuna because he is the greatest among the great; Holiest among the holy and purest among the pure. He is called mitra because He loves all and is worthy of being loved by all.

Because His qualities, nature, attributes and activities are infinite so He has infinite names. Generally we call Him by the name what we look in Him. For example when a man is in trouble and seeks His support, he calls Him Data and dayalu( the one who is kind). Those who look to Him as source of Power to scare the wicked call Him Shakti. This behaviour can be best understood when we look in to the way we call our beloved child or any of our bosom friends. Most of the times out of love we call them by the quality which strikes us utmost in him, likewise different people call Him by the attribute which appeals to them. But, God is one though has different names depending upon the qualities and attributes we look in to Him.

Therefore, Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati, the founder of Arya Samaj has described God like this -He, who is called Brahma or the most High; who is Parmatma or the Supreme Spirit, Who permeates the whole Universe; who is a true personification of Existence, consciousness and bliss, whose nature, attributes and characteristics are Holy; who is omnipresent, All glorious, resplendent, All knowledge, All holy, formless, All pervading like ether, Unborn, Infinite, Almighty, just and merciful; Who is the author of the Universe, sustains and dissolves it; who awards all souls the fruits of their deeds in strict accordance with the requirements of absolute justice and is possessed of all like attributes, Who is Lord of all and is above all devtas. I believe Him to be the great God and He alone should be worshipped.

Differentiating between devta and God, Vedas say whosoever possesses useful and brilliant qualities is devta and he who is the sustainer of all devatas is the adorable God. They are greatly mistaken who take the word devata to mean God, though in Vedas he is described as Devata of devatas.

Yajur Veda xiii 4 says “O men, God existed in the beginning of the Creation. He is the Creator, Support and the Sustainer of the Sun and other luminous worlds. He was the Lord of the past creation. He is the lord of the present. He will be the Lord of all future creations. He is eternal bliss. May ye all praise and adore Him as we do.”

It should set aside the notion being carried by many especially in foreign countries that Hinduism speaks of countless Gods. All great men like Rama and Krishna were great souls and devata but not God as God is one who is unborn.


Bhartendu Sood